|
107 By Modern Philosophy is meant philosophy since the discon tinuance of its condition of subserviency to theology which character ized it in its scholastic form, in its gradual development into an inde pendent science, having for its subject the essence and laws of nature and mind, as enriched and deepened by prior growths, and exerting an influence upon contemporaneous investigations in positive science and upon social life, and being in turn reacted upon by these. Its chief diisions are : 1 The Transitional Period, beginning with the renewal of Platonism ; 2 The epoch of Empiricism, Dogmatism, and Skepticism, from Bacon and Descartes to the Encyclopedists and Hume ; and 3 The epoch of the Kantian Criticism and of the systems issuing from it, from Kant till the present time. Besides the authors of the comprehensive historical works cited above. Vol , 4, 8 seq Brucker, Tiedemann, Buhle in his Lefirbuch der Oesch. Der Philos, Tennemann, Ernst Relnhold, Ritter, Hegel, and others, the following, in particular, treat of modem philosophy: Johann Gottlieb Buhle, Geschichte der Tieveren Phllosophie seit der Epochs der Wiederfieratellunff der Wiasenscuiften, Gottingen, 18001805, forms the sixth division of the Geschichte der Kiinste und Wissenschqften seit der Wiederherstellung derselben bis uns Ende dea achtsehrUen Jahrhunderts, other divisions of which were prepared by Eichhom, l Heeren, Kastner, Murhard, Hoyer, Gmelin, and Piorillo. next |